2011年大学英语六级动词语法精要

2011年大学英语六级动词语法精要

动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等) #

时态

1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.

#

I’ve been writing letters for an hour. #

I’ve been sitting in the garden. #

2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作

I’d been working for some time when he called. #

We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.

3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.

By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.

In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years. #

4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事. #

I shall have finished this one before lunch.

They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.

语态 #

可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如: #

He was said to be jealous of her success. #

It was said that he was jealous of her success. #

能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.

It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.

#

The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如: #

Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制) #

双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态 #

双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语. #

He was asked a number of questions at the press conference. #

Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

#

宾补结构的被动语态 #

She was called Big Sister by everybody. #

Then he was made a squad leader.

#

He was considered quite qualified for the job. #

The room was always kept clean and tidy. #

短语动词 #

Vi + adv

The plane took off two hours late. #

Vi + prep

They looked round the Cathedral.

#

Vi + prep (有被动语态)

#

She’s looking after her sister’s children. #

The children were always well looked after.

Vi + adv + prep

I began to look forward to their visits.

#

Vt + O + adv

#

Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children. #

The children were brought up by their mother.

#

They took him on.

Vt + adv + O (无被动语态) #

I am trying to give up smoking. #

Vt + O + prep #

We talked Donald into agreement. #

省略 #

在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉. #

Look out for cars when crossing the street.

#

When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.

While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project. #

Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support. #

If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful. #

Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.

This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.

#

Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out. #

She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry. #

She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.

Fill in the application as instructed. #

Whenever known, such facts should be reported.

#

The documents will be returned as soon as signed. #

He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.

#

Once having made a promise, you should keep it. #

If necessary I’ll have the letter duplicated. #

Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver) necessary. #

If possible, I should like to have two copies of it. #

As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.

#

在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略. #

He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary. #

We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.

#

They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).

He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.

#

Their training is free, as is all education. #

We will, as always, stand on your side.